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- At the age of 15, in 1832, he paid his first visit to Tangier and then.
In 1834 toured Spain with his tutor Gregorio de Borgas y Tarius.
In 1840 he was briefly assistant to the Consul at Alexandria, Egypt, before moving to Constantinople where he worked first under Lord Ponsonby and then under Sir Straford Canning, the architect of British proposals for reform of the Ottoman Empire.
In July 1844 he went to Tangier to take up position as Assistant to his father, the Consul-General.
His father died on 28 February 1845 and John was appointed to act in his stead.
On 7 Oct 1845 he married Annette Carstensen, daughter of Johan Arnold Heironymus Carstensen, the Danish consul in Tangier.
He was knighted in 1862 and promoted to Minister Plenipotentiary in 1874.
- Right Hon. Sir John Hay Drummond Hay, (1816– 27 November 1893) GCMG, KCB was the United Kingdom's Envoy Extraordinary at the Court of Morocco in the nineteenth century.
John Drummond Hay was born in 1816, the son of Captain Edward Drummond Hay, who was a nephew of the ninth Earl of Kinnoul. He was educated at Charterhouse School alongside his brother Edward Hay Drummond Hay.
At the age of 24 he was appointed a paid attaché to the Embassy of Constantinople, where he remained for four years, and was then sent to Morocco to assist the Agent and Consul-General in his communications with the Court of Morocco during the difficulties with the French Government. In this mission he displayed so much ability that a few months afterwards, though still having merely the rank of a paid attaché, he succeeded his temporary chief as Agent and Consul-General. Thus began diplomatic activity, involving considerable personal initiative and freedom of action, which lasted without interruption for more than 40 years. During this long period his intelligence, energy, and thorough knowledge of the Oriental character enabled him to exercise an amount of influence, both with the Government and with the native of all classes with whom he came in contact, such as had never been enjoyed by any of his predecessors, and such as none of his successors is ever likely to obtain. He belonged, in fact, to a category of diplomatists who are very useful in semi-civilized countries, but who are no longer to be found so near to Europe, and who are not well adapted to the present methods of bureaucratic and Parliamentary control. In 1845 he acted as a mediator in the difficulties which Morocco had with Denmark, Sweden and Spain, and signed in that capacity the convention which the Sultan concluded with the Court of Madrid. In 1856 he negotiated and signed a general treaty and a ommercial convention with the Moroccan Government, and was raised five years afterwards to the rank of Minister Resident. In 1861 he was appointed by Emperor Peter II of Brazil a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Rose. His further promotion to the rank of Minister Plenipotentiary took place in 1872, and to that of Envoy Extraordinary in 1880. In July, 1886, he retired on a pension, and was sworn a Privy Councillor, but he continued to reside privately a great part of the year in the country where he had served his country, so long and so successfully. He died at Wedderburn Castle, near Duns, in Scotland.
- Obituary
Sir John Drummond Hay
We regret to announce the death of the Right Hon. Sir John Hay Drummond Hay, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., who was so long and so intimately associated with Morocco, and whose hospitable kindness was so well known to all English visitors to Tangier. He was the son of Captain Edward Drummond Hay, who was a nephew of the ninth Earl of Kinnoul. He was born in 1816, and educated at Charterhouse, and at the age of 24 he was appointed a paid attaché to the Embassy of Constantinople. Here he remained for four years, and was then sent to Morocco to assist the Agent and Consul-Generalin his communications with the Court of Morocco during the difficulties with the French Government. In this mission he displayed somuch ability that a few months afterwards, though still having merely the rank of a paid attaché, he succeeded his temporary chief as Agent and Consul-General. Thus began a remarkable diplomatic activity, involving considerable personal initiative and freedom of action, which lasted without interruption for more than 40 years. During this long period his intelligence, energy, and thorough knowledge of the Oriental character enabled him to exercise an amount of influence, both with the Government and with the native of all classes with whom he came in contact, such as had never been enjoyed by any of his predecessors, and such as none of his successors is ever likely to obtain. He belonged, in fact, to a category of diplomatists who are very useful in semi-civilized countries, but who are no longer to be found so near to Europe, and who are not well adapted to the present methods of bureaucratic and Parliamentary control. In 1845 he acted as a mediator in the difficulties which Morocco had with Denmark, Sweden and Spain, and signed in that capacity the convention which the Sultan concluded with the Court of Madrid. In 1856 he negotiated and signed a general treaty and a commercial convention with the Moroccan Government, and was raised fiver years afterwards to the rank of Minister Resident. His further promotion to the rank of Minister Plenipotentiary took place in 1872, and to that of Envoy Extraordinary in 1880. In July, 1886, he retired on a pension, and was sworn a Privy Councillor, but he continued to reside privately a great part of the year in the country where he had served his country, so long and so successfully. He died on Monday night at Wedderburn Castle, near Duns, in Scotland.
- John Drummond-Hay Born in France (1st June 1816) as his father was posted there on the staff of the British Army of occupation, Napoleon having abdicated on the 22nd June 1815. From there moved to Edinburgh. He went to primary school with his brother Frank Drummond-Hay for 5 yearsat the Charter House Academy, where, it appears, by his own admission 'he was only good at sport'. In c.1832 he joined his father in Tangier where he was educated by a private tutor, Don Gregio de Borgas. Appeared to continue with little progress in his studies other than French and Spanish. While in Tangier he started studying Arabic.
In 1838 he travelled to the northern regions of Morocco where he saw first hand the people and the environment. He wrote a book entitled Western Barbary: its Wild Tribes and Savage Animals, London 1861.
On a return visit to England in 1839 he asked Lord Palmerston for a diplomatic posting in the Near East. Palmerston agreed and he underwent a short period of training in London as an assistant secretary in the Foreign Office before going to Alexandria in 1840. His assignment was to aid the British Consul-General in Egypt - Colonel Hodges. At the end of 1840, he was sent to Constantinple to enter the service of Lord Ponsonby. Shortly after Ponsonby was replaced by Lord Canning. It was Canning that was to shape Drummond-Hay's future. His initial job was ensuring the secrecy of embassy documents. In 1844 he wrote to Lord Aberdeen the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and requested that he be allowed to join his father in Morocco. Aberdeen agreed on a temporary basis.
He was married to the daughter of the Danish Consul (Morocco). His brother-in-law was the acting French Consul-General, Victor Mauboussin (1844?).ibid 100-7; Miege, Le Maroc et l'Europe, 204[MyTree NJW 21.GED]
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1816 - 1893 (77 år)
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