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- http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00006399&tree=LEO MOSCOW — Ever since the remains of the last czar, Nicholas II, and most of his family were exhumed 25 years ago from a dirt road in the Urals, investigators, historians and surviving members of the Romanov dynasty have anticipated the day when all the murdered royals would be laid to rest. They thought that moment had finally arrived when a funeral was scheduled last October for two long-lost children — Czarevitch Alexei and Grand Duchess Maria, whose remains were found in nearby woods many years later. But it was not to be. The Russian Orthodox Church interceded, questioning — not for the first time — whether any of the remains were authentic, and the service was postponed indefinitely. The nearly 100-year saga of murder, mystery and myth lived on. Continue reading the main story RELATED COVERAGE Amateurs Unravel Russia’s Last Royal MysteryNOV. 25, 2007 “The problem is that from the historical, scientific and genetic point of view, it is absolutely clear that the remains of the czar and his family are authentic,” said Sergei V. Chapnin, who was fired as editor of The Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate in December, partly, he thinks, because he pushed for accepting the remains. “The only statement we hear from the church is, ‘We don’t believe it.’ ” Photo Nicholas II with his wife and children. Credit Agence France-Presse — Getty Images Why the church rejects the evidence assembled thus far, filling some 25 volumes, is one enduring mystery at the center of the case. Senior church officials have never fully explained it; they keep demanding further efforts. “The church is interested no less than anyone else, and maybe even more than anyone else, to determine the truth in this complicated issue,” Vladimir R. Legoyda, a church spokesman, said at a news conference late last year. “There are questions that still remain and serious ones. So far we just touched the tip of the iceberg.” In 2000, the church canonized the royal family, upping the ante for authenticating the remains and possibly imposing new funeral rites, in that the relics of saints must be preserved above ground. “We need to rule out any possibility of a mistake,” Mr. Legoyda said. At the same news conference, Bishop Tikhon, a shadowy, influential Orthodox figure rumored to be the spiritual guide for President Vladimir V. Putin, cast doubt on the authenticity of the bones by describing various untested theories, as did a historian endorsed by the church. To take just one of the more outlandish claims, the bishop hinted that the grave of Nicholas’s father, Czar Alexander III, had been vandalized and his bones interred in place of his son. That theory was quickly disproved. An excavation found Alexander III’s grave had remained undisturbed since his burial in 1894, said Sergei V. Mironenko, the head of the Russian State Archives, which has also been closely involved in the investigation. It was the third time royal bones had been dug up in the course of the investigation. Nevertheless, Bishop Tikhon suggested on state television in late December that the church investigation was just getting started. “Today we were assured that the scientists will have all the time that they need — let’s say it will be approximately two, three years — but these tests will be carried out professionally and in full,” he said, without specifying what testing or who would be doing it. The bishop was not available for interviews. Patriarch Kirill, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, said at a conference of bishops this month that Mr. Putin himself had consented to an open-ended inquiry by the church. Virtually every expert involved in the case agrees that investigators have pieced together a plausible explanation of what happened to the family, while the church has failed to produce an alternative. “It is one of the oddest detective stories in Russian history in the last century,” said Ksenia V. Luchenko, a freelance journalist with long experience covering Orthodox Church matters. Early in the morning of July 17, 1918, the czar, his wife, their five children, as well as their doctor, a cook and two servants, were executed in the basement of a house in Yekaterinburg, in central Russia. The firing squad had the most difficulty killing the czar’s four daughters, because the bullets ricocheted off all the hidden diamonds sewn into their clothing. In a series of steps that took investigators decades to determine, the executioners first dumped the corpses in a mine, named Ganina Yama in Russian, which had long been thought to be the burial place of their ashes. The bodies of the 11 victims were actually loaded onto a truck for transport to a deeper mine, however. The vehicle got stuck on a muddy road through a bog. To lighten the load, the bodies of Alexei and Maria were removed and carted off into the forest — burned, doused with acid and buried. The Bolsheviks then decided to inter the rest right there in Old Kaptikovskaya Road. That main grave was eventually discovered in 1979 by amateur sleuths, and the bodies were finally exhumed in 1991, after the Soviet Union collapsed. The government treated it as a criminal case, assigning it to Vladimir N. Solovyov, at the time a 40-year-old investigator. It took a year to assemble the skeletons from the jumbled collection of bones, especially since the executioners had tried to disguise the victims by smashing their faces. “The skulls had to be glued together like an antique vase from many small bits,” said Mr. Solovyov, now 65 and still working the case. In a stroke of luck for the anthropologists doing the work, the czar’s daughters had contracted measles in March 1917 and posed together with shaved heads. The markedly different contours of their skulls were readily visible, speeding identification. Photo The bullet-riddled skull of Nicholas. The remains of two of the children were found much later and are stored in a state vault. Credit Associated Press Fragments from the skeletons were shipped to Britain and the United States for DNA testing in government laboratories, Mr. Solovyov said, which confirmed the victims’ identities. The historical and genetic proof gradually undermined the accumulated myths surrounding the execution, such as the longstanding legend that Grand Duchess Anastasia had somehow escaped. She had not. In 1998, in St. Petersburg, Nicholas II; his wife, Czarina Alexandra Feodorovna; daughters Olga, Tatiana and Anastasia; and the four retainers killed with them were buried together in St. Peter and Paul Cathedral, where all the czars since Peter the Great lie. The patriarch at that time, Aleksei II, skipped the funeral at the last minute, rejecting the evidence with no explanation. The Orthodox priests who presided did not refer to the deceased by name, saying, “God knows their identity.” Czarevitch Alexei and Grand Duchess Maria were to be buried in the same grave. Their bone fragments had been tucked away for years inside two small white boxes the size of FedEx mailers, sealed with crime-scene tape and locked into a vault in the state archives in downtown Moscow. That would seem to have settled things, but the church took custody of the remains in December, declaring for reasons that remain elusive that the case required further study. “They follow this mythological idea that the state is trying to convince the church that the remains are real although they are false,” Mr. Chapnin said. “What reason would the state have to do that? Nobody knows! People are just against it and that is it, they are not ready for any discussion.” The most prevalent explanation is that the hierarchy wants to avoid the decision because either choice would alienate key factions. Rejecting the bones will anger some Orthodox adherents, particularly those outside Russia. Accepting them will incense a conservative domestic faction that believes the Soviet government somehow faked the burial. “Either decision will cause a scandal, so they would like to postpone it,” Mr. Chapnin said. Analysts of church affairs place Patriarch Kirill among the doubters, but his reasons remain opaque. Andrei B. Zubov, a renowned historian, said he knew the prelate well enough to engage him on any matter, but when Mr. Zubov asked about the czar’s remains, he changed the subject. “It was a political decision, not a spiritual or scientific one,” said Mr. Zubov, adding that after years of opposition, the church could not suddenly reverse itself without losing face. Still, the idea that the church wants to begin an investigation from scratch provokes exasperation. “They have all kinds of strange ideas why they are not the right remains,” said Paul E. Kulikovsky, 55, a businessman in Moscow who is a great-great-grandson of Czar Alexander III. “If you investigate all the possibilities, that means you have to go on for 100 years because people have come up with 1,000 possibilities.” The Canadian-born Mr. Kulikovsky, who publishes a monthly newsletter on Romanov affairs, said the vast majority of about 80 Romanov descendants hope to bury Alexei and Maria this winter, whether or not the church deemed the bones authentic. Ms. Luchenko, the journalist, noted that in death, the two prime adversaries of the 1917 Revolution, the czar and Lenin, are both stuck in limbo. There has been an endless debate whether the embalmed body of Lenin should be removed from his tomb in Red Square and buried, while the remains of Nicholas II might be preserved above ground if they are ever recognized as holy relics. Together, the remains represent the unfinished business of a particularly violent, tumultuous century for Russia. Ms. Luchenko said, “Russia cannot say goodbye to its 20th century.” Alexandra Odynova contributed reporting. Alt death date: 6/8/1880 *Name/title: Maximiliane Wilhelmine Auguste Sophie Marie Prinzessin von Hessen-Darmstadt. *By Marriage 28 April 1841, her married name became Mariya Aleksandrovna Romanov. ==Links:== *[http://thepeerage.com/p10070.htm#i100692 The Peerage] *[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=13641 Geneall] *'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Alexandrovna_(Marie_of_Hesse)_ English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_von_Hessen-Darmstadt Deutsch] -------------------- .Keiser Aleksander II peamine siht olid olnud reformid.,muutused,otsimine.Need sagedased innustumised uutest ideedest leidsid kujuka väljenduse ka vanaisa lõputustes armuseiklustes.Aleksander IIarmuromaanid järgnesid üksteisele pidevalt.Kuni ilmus kasunis vürstitar Dolgorukaja.Kõikide imestuseks oli Aleksander nüüd äkki uuele armukeseke truu.Sündisid lapsed.Tekkis ametlik keiserlikperekond,kus Aleksander viibis siitpeale kogu asja ,sinna sõitsid ettekannetega tema juurde ministrid.Kui algas revolutsionääride klapperjaht tsaarile,asus Nikolai vanaisa ekstravakantse sammu,ohutuse huvides tõi ta oma mõlemad perekonnad Talvepaleesse.1880.aastal suri Nikolai, vanaema murest,et mehel on armuke,Aleksander II ametlik naine,keisrinna Maria Aleksandrovna.Vanaisa abiellus nüüd oma armukesega.Kuigi tark ja taktitunderline vürstinna teatas,et ei hakka oma pojale troonipärimis õigust taotlema,mõistsid nad siiski,see mis täna on võimatu,võib juba homme...Aleksander II oli 62.aastane,kuid ta oli veel tugev ja terve.Nikolai isa langes ilmselgelt tahaplaanile.Kuid juba paari kuu pärast "häbiväärset"abiellumist kärgatas pommiplahvatus Jeksterina kanali ääres.Mõistagi kuulis ka Nikolai seda,mis kõikjal räägiti:"See oli jumala karistus tsaari pattude eest.....Ta surma põhjusekd oli mehe armulood ja pidevas stressis olek. -------------------- Keiser Aleksander II peamine siht olid olnud reformid.,muutused,otsimine.Need sagedased innustumised uutest ideedest leidsid kujuka väljenduse ka vanaisa lõputustes armuseiklustes.Aleksander IIarmuromaanid järgnesid üksteisele pidevalt.Kuni ilmus kasunis vürstitar Dolgorukaja.Kõikide imestuseks oli Aleksander nüüd äkki uuele armukeseke truu.Sündisid lapsed.Tekkis ametlik keiserlikperekond,kus Aleksander viibis siitpeale kogu asja ,sinna sõitsid ettekannetega tema juurde ministrid.Kui algas revolutsionääride klapperjaht tsaarile,asus Nikolai vanaisa ekstravakantse sammu,ohutuse huvides tõi ta oma mõlemad perekonnad Talvepaleesse.1880.aastal suri Nikolai, vanaema murest,et mehel on armuke,Aleksander II ametlik naine,keisrinna Maria Aleksandrovna.Vanaisa abiellus nüüd oma armukesega.Kuigi tark ja taktitunderline vürstinna teatas,et ei hakka oma pojale troonipärimis õigust taotlema,mõistsid nad siiski,see mis täna on võimatu,võib juba homme...Aleksander II oli 62.aastane,kuid ta oli veel tugev ja terve.Nikolai isa langes ilmselgelt tahaplaanile.Kuid juba paari kuu pärast "häbiväärset"abiellumist kärgatas pommiplahvatus Jeksterina kanali ääres.Mõistagi kuulis ka Nikolai seda,mis kõikjal räägiti:"See oli jumala karistus tsaari pattude eest.....Ta surma põhjusekd oli mehe armulood ja pidevas stressis olek. -------------------- .Keiser Aleksander II peamine siht olid olnud reformid.,muutused,otsimine.Need sagedased innustumised uutest ideedest leidsid kujuka väljenduse ka vanaisa lõputustes armuseiklustes.Aleksander IIarmuromaanid järgnesid üksteisele pidevalt.Kuni ilmus kasunis vürstitar Dolgorukaja.Kõikide imestuseks oli Aleksander nüüd äkki uuele armukeseke truu.Sündisid lapsed.Tekkis ametlik keiserlikperekond,kus Aleksander viibis siitpeale kogu asja ,sinna sõitsid ettekannetega tema juurde ministrid.Kui algas revolutsionääride klapperjaht tsaarile,asus Nikolai vanaisa ekstravakantse sammu,ohutuse huvides tõi ta oma mõlemad perekonnad Talvepaleesse.1880.aastal suri Nikolai, vanaema murest,et mehel on armuke,Aleksander II ametlik naine,keisrinna Maria Aleksandrovna.Vanaisa abiellus nüüd oma armukesega.Kuigi tark ja taktitunderline vürstinna teatas,et ei hakka oma pojale troonipärimis õigust taotlema,mõistsid nad siiski,see mis täna on võimatu,võib juba homme...Aleksander II oli 62.aastane,kuid ta oli veel tugev ja terve.Nikolai isa langes ilmselgelt tahaplaanile.Kuid juba paari kuu pärast "häbiväärset"abiellumist kärgatas pommiplahvatus Jeksterina kanali ääres.Mõistagi kuulis ka Nikolai seda,mis kõikjal räägiti:"See oli jumala karistus tsaari pattude eest.....Ta surma põhjusekd oli mehe armulood ja pidevas stressis olek. -------------------- .Keiser Aleksander II peamine siht olid olnud reformid.,muutused,otsimine.Need sagedased innustumised uutest ideedest leidsid kujuka väljenduse ka vanaisa lõputustes armuseiklustes.Aleksander IIarmuromaanid järgnesid üksteisele pidevalt.Kuni ilmus kasunis vürstitar Dolgorukaja.Kõikide imestuseks oli Aleksander nüüd äkki uuele armukeseke truu.Sündisid lapsed.Tekkis ametlik keiserlikperekond,kus Aleksander viibis siitpeale kogu asja ,sinna sõitsid ettekannetega tema juurde ministrid.Kui algas revolutsionääride klapperjaht tsaarile,asus Nikolai vanaisa ekstravakantse sammu,ohutuse huvides tõi ta oma mõlemad perekonnad Talvepaleesse.1880.aastal suri Nikolai, vanaema murest,et mehel on armuke,Aleksander II ametlik naine,keisrinna Maria Aleksandrovna.Vanaisa abiellus nüüd oma armukesega.Kuigi tark ja taktitunderline vürstinna teatas,et ei hakka oma pojale troonipärimis õigust taotlema,mõistsid nad siiski,see mis täna on võimatu,võib juba homme...Aleksander II oli 62.aastane,kuid ta oli veel tugev ja terve.Nikolai isa langes ilmselgelt tahaplaanile.Kuid juba paari kuu pärast "häbiväärset"abiellumist kärgatas pommiplahvatus Jeksterina kanali ääres.Mõistagi kuulis ka Nikolai seda,mis kõikjal räägiti:"See oli jumala karistus tsaari pattude eest.....Ta surma põhjusekd oli mehe armulood ja pidevas stressis olek. -------------------- Keiser Aleksander II peamine siht olid olnud reformid.,muutused,otsimine.Need sagedased innustumised uutest ideedest leidsid kujuka väljenduse ka vanaisa lõputustes armuseiklustes.Aleksander IIarmuromaanid järgnesid üksteisele pidevalt.Kuni ilmus kasunis vürstitar Dolgorukaja.Kõikide imestuseks oli Aleksander nüüd äkki uuele armukeseke truu.Sündisid lapsed.Tekkis ametlik keiserlikperekond,kus Aleksander viibis siitpeale kogu asja ,sinna sõitsid ettekannetega tema juurde ministrid.Kui algas revolutsionääride klapperjaht tsaarile,asus Nikolai vanaisa ekstravakantse sammu,ohutuse huvides tõi ta oma mõlemad perekonnad Talvepaleesse.1880.aastal suri Nikolai, vanaema murest,et mehel on armuke,Aleksander II ametlik naine,keisrinna Maria Aleksandrovna.Vanaisa abiellus nüüd oma armukesega.Kuigi tark ja taktitunderline vürstinna teatas,et ei hakka oma pojale troonipärimis õigust taotlema,mõistsid nad siiski,see mis täna on võimatu,võib juba homme...Aleksander II oli 62.aastane,kuid ta oli veel tugev ja terve.Nikolai isa langes ilmselgelt tahaplaanile.Kuid juba paari kuu pärast "häbiväärset"abiellumist kärgatas pommiplahvatus Jeksterina kanali ääres.Mõistagi kuulis ka Nikolai seda,mis kõikjal räägiti:"See oli jumala karistus tsaari pattude eest.....Ta surma põhjusekd oli mehe armulood ja pidevas stressis olek. -------------------- Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (8 August 1824 – 3 June [O.S. 22 May] 1880) was, under the name Maria Alexandrovna (Russian: ????? ?????????????), Empress of Russia as the wife of Emperor Alexander II. She was born in Darmstadt, the capital of the Grand Duchy, and died in Saint Petersburg. The Mariinsky Theatre and the city of Mariehamn in Åland are named after her. Early life Marie was the youngest of seven children born to the Grand Duchess Wihelmine of Hesse (1788–1836), the youngest sister of the Russian Empress-Consort Elizaveta Alexeievna. The younger four were probably the biological children of Baron August von Senarclens de Grancy, but to avoid a scandal, Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse acknowledged Alexander and Marie as his own children; the other two had died young. Marriage When in 1838, the Tsarevich Alexander Nikolayevich toured Europe to find a wife, he fell in love with the 14-year-old Marie. He married her on 16 April 1841, even though he was well aware of the "irregularity" of her birth. His mother Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna objected, but Alexander insisted. She was very shy. The damp climate of St. Petersburg did not agree with the delicate chest Marie had inherited from her mother, so that she had a racking cough and recurring fever. Nevertheless, she became the mother of eight children. These pregnancies together with ill health kept her away from many Court festivities, which brought temptations to her husband. Marie knew Alexander was unfaithful and had many lovers. He already had three children with his favourite mistress, Princess Catherine Dolgoruki, and he moved her and their children into the Imperial Palace during Marie's final illness, and entered into a morganatic marriage with Princess Catherine Dolgoruki, on 18 July [O.S. 6 July] 1880.[1] Empress Maria Alexandrovna with her husband Tsar Alexander II, and son, the future Tsar Alexander III Russian Empress[edit] In 1855 Alexander became Emperor, which forced her to attend more State functions whether she was ill or not. Although In 1865, the death of her eldest and favourite son, the Tsarevich Nicholas, was a great blow. Every now and again she was able to go to her brother Alexander who lived with his morganatic wife in Heiligenberg. There she met Princess Alice, second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, wife of her nephew Prince Louis. She resented Alice's suggestion that her brother Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and Marie's daughter, Maria Alexandrovna marry, but the marriage ultimately went through. When Alice died in 1878, Marie often invited the motherless children for visits to Heiligenberg. It was during these visits that her second youngest son, Grand Duke Sergei, met his future wife, Alice's second daughter, Princess Elisabeth and Maria also met Elisabeth's youngest surviving sister, Princess Alix, who would eventually become the devoted, yet ill-fated, wife of Maria's eldest grandson, Tsar Nicholas II. One legend states that on a visit to Darmstadt, upon meeting Alix, Marie turned to her maid of honor telling her to "kiss her hand. That is your empress to be."[2] In later years Nicholas II’s eldest daughter, the Grand Duchess Olga, claimed to have seen the ghost of her great-grandmother, the Empress Maria Alexandrovna as a small child, according to her nanny, Miss Margaretta Eagar.[3] Children Name Birth Death Notes Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna 30 August 1842 10 July 1849 nicknamed Lina, died of infant meningitis in St. Petersburg at the age of six Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich 20 September 1843 24 April 1865 engaged to Dagmar of Denmark Tsar Alexander III 10 March 1845 1 November 1894 married 1866, Dagmar of Denmark (Maria Feodorovna); had issue Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich 22 April 1847 17 February 1909 married 1874, Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Maria Pavlovna); had issue Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich 14 January 1850 14 November 1908 married 1867/1870, Alexandra Vasilievna Zhukovskaya; had issue Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna 17 October 1853 20 October 1920 married 1874, Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; had issue Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich 29 April 1857 4 February 1905 married 1884, Elisabeth of Hesse (Elizabeth Feodorovna); Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich 3 October 1860 24 January 1919 married 1889, Alexandra of Greece and Denmark (Alexandra Georgievna); had issue - second marriage 1902, Olga Karnovich; had issue Sash of the Order of Maria Louisa, belonging to the Empress Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. Titles and styleser Grand Ducal Highness Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine 16 April 1841 – 2 March 1855 Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, the Tsesarevna of Russia3 June 1880 Her Imperial Majesty The Empress of all the Russias Honours Spain: Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa -------------------- .Keiser Aleksander II peamine siht olid olnud reformid.,muutused,otsimine.Need sagedased innustumised uutest ideedest leidsid kujuka väljenduse ka vanaisa lõputustes armuseiklustes.Aleksander IIarmuromaanid järgnesid üksteisele pidevalt.Kuni ilmus kasunis vürstitar Dolgorukaja.Kõikide imestuseks oli Aleksander nüüd äkki uuele armukeseke truu.Sündisid lapsed.Tekkis ametlik keiserlikperekond,kus Aleksander viibis siitpeale kogu asja ,sinna sõitsid ettekannetega tema juurde ministrid.Kui algas revolutsionääride klapperjaht tsaarile,asus Nikolai vanaisa ekstravakantse sammu,ohutuse huvides tõi ta oma mõlemad perekonnad Talvepaleesse.1880.aastal suri Nikolai, vanaema murest,et mehel on armuke,Aleksander II ametlik naine,keisrinna Maria Aleksandrovna.Vanaisa abiellus nüüd oma armukesega.Kuigi tark ja taktitunderline vürstinna teatas,et ei hakka oma pojale troonipärimis õigust taotlema,mõistsid nad siiski,see mis täna on võimatu,võib juba homme...Aleksander II oli 62.aastane,kuid ta oli veel tugev ja terve.Nikolai isa langes ilmselgelt tahaplaanile.Kuid juba paari kuu pärast "häbiväärset"abiellumist kärgatas pommiplahvatus Jeksterina kanali ääres.Mõistagi kuulis ka Nikolai seda,mis kõikjal räägiti:"See oli jumala karistus tsaari pattude eest.....Ta surma põhjusekd oli mehe armulood ja pidevas stressis olek. -------------------- .Keiser Aleksander II peamine siht olid olnud reformid.,muutused,otsimine.Need sagedased innustumised uutest ideedest leidsid kujuka väljenduse ka vanaisa lõputustes armuseiklustes.Aleksander IIarmuromaanid järgnesid üksteisele pidevalt.Kuni ilmus kasunis vürstitar Dolgorukaja.Kõikide imestuseks oli Aleksander nüüd äkki uuele armukeseke truu.Sündisid lapsed.Tekkis ametlik keiserlikperekond,kus Aleksander viibis siitpeale kogu asja ,sinna sõitsid ettekannetega tema juurde ministrid.Kui algas revolutsionääride klapperjaht tsaarile,asus Nikolai vanaisa ekstravakantse sammu,ohutuse huvides tõi ta oma mõlemad perekonnad Talvepaleesse.1880.aastal suri Nikolai, vanaema murest,et mehel on armuke,Aleksander II ametlik naine,keisrinna Maria Aleksandrovna.Vanaisa abiellus nüüd oma armukesega.Kuigi tark ja taktitunderline vürstinna teatas,et ei hakka oma pojale troonipärimis õigust taotlema,mõistsid nad siiski,see mis täna on võimatu,võib juba homme...Aleksander II oli 62.aastane,kuid ta oli veel tugev ja terve.Nikolai isa langes ilmselgelt tahaplaanile.Kuid juba paari kuu pärast "häbiväärset"abiellumist kärgatas pommiplahvatus Jeksterina kanali ääres.Mõistagi kuulis ka Nikolai seda,mis kõikjal räägiti:"See oli jumala karistus tsaari pattude eest.....Ta surma põhjusekd oli mehe armulood ja pidevas stressis olek.
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1824 - 1880 (55 år)
